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Pain fitzJohn (sometimes Payn fitzJohn,〔Cokayne ''Complete Peerage'' XII/2 pp. 270–271〕 Payn FitzJohn,〔Green ''Government of England'' p. 15〕 or Pagan fitzJohn;〔 died 1137) was an Anglo-Norman nobleman and administrator, one of King Henry I of England's "new men", who owed their positions and wealth to the king. Pain's family originated in Normandy, but there is little to suggest that he had many ties there, and he appears to have spent most of his career in England and the Welsh Marches. A son of a minor nobleman, he rose through ability to become an important royal official during Henry's reign. In 1115 he was rewarded with marriage to an heiress, thereby gaining control of the town of Ludlow and its castle, which he augmented with further acquisitions. Although later medieval traditions described Pain as a chamberlain to King Henry, that position is not securely confirmed in contemporary records. He did hold other offices though, including that of sheriff in two counties near the border between England and Wales. In his capacity as a royal justice Pain also heard legal cases for the king throughout much of western England. After King Henry's death in 1135 Pain supported Henry's nephew, King Stephen, and was with the new king throughout 1136. In July 1137 Pain was ambushed by the Welsh and killed as he was leading a relief expedition to the garrison at Carmarthen. His heirs were his daughters, Cecily and Agnes. Cecily married the son of one of Pain's close associates, Miles of Gloucester. Pain was generous in his gifts of land to a number of monastic houses. ==Family background== Pain was a son, likely the eldest, of John fitzRichard, a tenant-in-chief listed in ''Domesday Book''.〔Tout and Dalton "Eustace fitz John" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''〕 John may have had two wives, therefore the identity of Pain's mother is uncertain.〔 On the basis of landholding, it has been speculated that Pain's mother was a daughter of Ralph Mortimer, who held Wigmore in ''Domesday Book''.〔Remfry "Early Mortimers of Wigmore" ''Foundations'' pp. 404–406〕 As well as being a moneyer, Pain's paternal grandfather, who came from near Avranches in Normandy, owned a mill. Pain's brother, Eustace fitzJohn, became a royal official who owned lands in the north of England.〔Mason "Pain fitz John" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''〕 His other siblings included William, Alice and Agnes.〔 William was probably the same William who later held Harptree in Somerset,〔Keats-Rohan ''Domesday Descendants'' p. 920〕 and in 1130 was a royal justice in western England.〔Dalton "Eustace Fitz John" ''Speculum'' p. 360〕 Alice was the abbess of Barking Abbey and Agnes became the wife of Roger de Valognes.〔Keats-Rohan ''Domesday People'' p. 284〕 Pain was born some time before 1100.〔 His father may have been in the service of King Henry in Normandy before Henry became king. The family lands in England, which were not extensive, were mainly in East Anglia,〔 and Pain appears to have inherited most of them; his payment for danegeld, a tax, in 1130 for his East Anglian properties was 40 shillings, compared to only 9 shillings for his brother Eustace.〔Dalton "Eustace Fitz John" ''Speculum'' p. 359〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pain fitzJohn」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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